Irc 67 2010
Title View Document Recommended practice for construction of Earth Embankment IRC-34-2011 (Recommendation for road const. In area) IRC-56-2011(Recommendation practice for treatment) Guidelines for embankment on soft soil IRC-SP 89-2010( Guidelines for soil and granular M) State of the art report on use of june geotextiles IRC 36-2010(Recommendation practice for const. Of) IRC-113-2013-1 1.
IRC 36-2010(Recommendation practice for const. Of earth embankment and subgrade) 2. IRC-SP 89-2010(Guidelines for soil and Granular material stabilization) 3. IRC-34-2011(Recommendation for road const.
In area affected by water logging, flooding etc.) 4. IRC-56-2011(Recommendation practice for treatment of embankment & roadside slope erosion control) 5. IRC-113-2013 Guidelines for embankment on soft soil 6. State of the Art Report on Use of Jute Geotextiles - Revised April 2011 7.
IRC-SP-42-2014- Guidelines for Road Drainage IRC-2-1968 IRC-5-1998 IRC-6-2000 IRC-6-2014 IRC-7-1971 IRC-8-1980 IRC-10-1961 IRC-12-1983 IRC-14-1977 IRC-15-1981 IRC-15-2002 IRC-16-1989 IRC-17-1965 IRC-18-2000 IRC-19-1977 IRC-20-1966 IRC-21-2000 IRC-22-1986 IRC-23-1966 IRC-24-2001 IRC-25-1967 IRC-26-1967 IRC-27-1967 IRC-29-1988 IRC-30-1968 IRC-32-1969 IRC-34-1970 IRC-34-2011(Recommendation for road const. In area affected by water logging, flooding etc.) IRC-35-1997 IRC-36-1970 IRC-36-2010(Recommendation practice for const.
Full text of ' IRC:67-2012 /A Ik STOP ^1 IF ^^^^^ STOP SIGN. COMPULSORY CYCLE TRACK/CYCLE ONLY HHHHi NATIONAL HIGHWAY ROUTE MARKER SIGN CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD SIGNS (Third Revision) Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 IRC: 67-2012 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD SIGNS (Third Revision) Published by: INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS Kama Koti Marg, Sector-6, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110 022 July 2012 Price 1,000 (Plus Packing & Postage) IRC: 67-2012 First Published March, 1978 Third Revision Second Revision First Revision July, 2001 May, 2010 July, 2012 (All Rights Reserved.
No part of this publication shall be reproduced, translated or transmitted in any form or by any means without the permission of the Indian Roads Congress) Printed at: India Offset Press, A1- Mayapuri Ind., Area Phase I, New Delhi (1000 Copies) CONTENTS IRC: 67-2012 Page No. Presonnel of the Highways Specifications and Standards Committee (i) 1. Introduction 1 2.
Classification of Road Signs 4 4. Siting of Signs with respect to the Carriageway 6 5. Orientation of Signs 8 6. Material for Signs 9 7. Posts and Mountings for Signs 19 8. Colour for Signs 19 9. Size of Signs 21 10.
Visibility of Signs 21 11. Size of Letters 21 12. Maintenance of Signs 23 13. Definition Plates/Supplementary Plates 24 14. Mandatory/Regulatory Signs 24 15. Cautionary/Warning Signs 36 16.
Informatory Signs 46 17. Facility Information Signs 50 18. Other useful Information Signs 54 19.
Signs for Persons with Disabilities 55 20. Route Marker Signs 56 21.
Guidelines for Signs on Expressways 58 22. Guidelines for Signs on Urban and City Roads 60 23. Sign Plan Examples for Typical Situations 62 Plate-I Stop and Give Way Signs 65 No Parking and No Stopping Signs 70 Vehicle Control Signs and Speed Limit 71 Restriction Ends Signs 72 Compulsory Control and Other Signs 72 Plate-I I Cautionary Warning Signs 76 IRC: 67-2012 Page No.
Plate-Ill Informatory Signs 90 Plate-IV Facility Information Signs 99 Parking Signs 106 Signs for Persons with Disabilities 108 Route Marker Signs 1 1 0 Annexure-I List of Mandatory/Regulatory Signs 113 Annexure-ll List of Cautionary/Warning Signs 115 Annexure-lll Rules and Technical Advisory for Design of Informatory Road Signs Annexure-IV Facility Information Signs 124 Annexure-V Figs. V.1 to V.10 127 Annexure-VI Determination of 'X' Height for Direction Signs ^ (Shoulder & Gantry Mounted) IRC: 67-2012 PERSONNEL OF THE HIGHWAYS SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE 1.
Indoria, R.P. (Convenor) 2. Kandasamy, C. (Co-Convenor) 3. Kumar Manoj (Member-Secretary) 4.
Alam, Parwez 5. Bongirwar, RL. Bordoloi, A.C.
Chandrasekhar, Dr. Gangopadhyay, Dr. Kadiyali, Dr.
Krishna, Prabhat 19. Kumar, Ashok 20. Kumar, Mahesh 21. Kurian, Jose 22. (As on 23 rd September, 2011) Director General (Road Development) & Spl.
Secretary, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi Addl. Director General, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi Chief Engineer (R) S&R, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi Members Vice-President, Hindustan Constn. Ltd., Mumbai Chief Engineer (Retd.) MoRT&H, New Delhi Advisor, L&T, Mumbai Chief Engineer (NH) Assam, Guwahati Director (Tech.), National Rural Roads Development Agency, New Delhi Executive Director, Consulting Engg.
Services (I) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi Director, Central Road Research Insitute, New Delhi Director General (RD) & AS (Retd.), MoRT&H, New Delhi Chief Engineer (Retd.), Haryana PWD, Faridabad Chief Engineer (Retd.), Haryana PWD, Sonepat Professor & Coordinator, Centre of Transportation Engg., NT Roorkee Chief Engineer (Retd.) MoRT&H, New Delhi Chief Executive, L.R. Kadiyali & Associates, New Delhi Director (Project-Ill), National Rural Roads Development Agency, (Ministry of Rural Development), New Delhi Chief Engineer (Retd.) Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi Chief Engineer, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi Engineer-in-Chief, Haryana PWD, Chandigarh Chief Engineer, DTTDC Ltd, New Delhi Former Member, Maharashtra Public Service Commission, Mumbai i IRC: 67-2012 23. Nashkar, S.S. Patankar, V.L. Pradhan, B.C.
Rathore, S.S. Reddy Dr, T.S. Singh, Nirmal Jit 35.
Chief Engineer (Pig.) 1. President, IRC 2. Director General (RD) & Spl. Secretary, MORTH/ Secretary General, IRC 1. Agarwal, M.K. Khattar, M.D.
Chief Engineer (NH), PW (R), Kolkata Member (Tech.), National Highways Authority of India, New Delhi Chief Engineer (NH), Govt of Orissa, Bhubaneshwar Chief Engineer (NH), RCD, Patna Chief Engineer (R&B), Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad Principal Secretary of the Govt, of Gujarat, R&B Deptt. Gandhinagar Ex-Scientist, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Engineer-in-Chief (R&B) Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad Consultant, AIMIL, New Delhi Director General (RD) & AS (Retd.), MoRT&H, New Delhi Ex-Scientist, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Director General (RD) & SS (Retd.), MoRT&H, New Delhi Chief Engineer, (NH), UP, PWD, Lucknow Director General (RD) & SS (Retd.), MoRT&H, New Delhi Member (Project), National Highways Authority of India, New Delhi Addl.
Chief Transportation Engineer, CIDCO, Navi Mumbai Addl. Director General, DGBR, New Delhi Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi Ex-Officio Members (Yadav, Dr. Director General, DGBR. New Delhi (Indoria, R.P.) Ministry of Road Transport & Highways New Delhi Corresponding Members Engineer-in-Chief (Retd.), Haryana PWD Secretary (Roads) (Retd.), Maharashtra PWD, Mumbai Emeritus Fellow, Bangalor University, Bangalore Consultant, Runwal Centre, Mumbai ii IRC: 67-2012 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Road signs, which have the backing of law in India, are incorporated in the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.
1.2 The Motor Vehicles Act, 1 988 has covered all the signs warranted by different traffic situations. The designs of signs are fully dimensioned. Further, the signs have uniformity, and mostly symbols are used to convey the message, especially in the case of regulatory signs. 1.3 The IRC Code of Practice for Road Signs sets out the methodology to be followed in the use, placement, construction and maintenance of the road signs for all categories of roads including expressways. The road signs adopted in this code are in harmony with Protocol on Road Signs and Signals of United Nations Conference on Road and Motor Transport, 1949 and Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, 1968.
1.4 The Second Revision of IRC Code of Practice for Road Signs was reviewed by the Transport Planning, Traffic Engineering and Road Safety Committee of the Indian Roads Congress in its meeting held on 13 th October, 2010 based on comments received from some members and it constituted a Sub-group with Shri Nirmal Jit Singh as the Convenor and including Shri D.P. (Mrs.) Geetam Tiwari and Shri S.B. Basu as members to review the code and suggest modifications/amendments if any required. The Sub-group after deliberations further Co-opted Prof. Sikdar, Shri Jacob George and Dr. Surinder Mohan as co-opted members of the above Sub-group considering their rich experience.
The entire Sub-group reviewed the document in detail and restructured it by relating size and spacing of signs with respect to design speed of the road, including guidelines for selection of retro- reflective sheeting, incorporating some new signs and including illustrative examples of sign plans for different commonly occurring situations. The modified code was considered by the Transport Planning, Traffic Engineering and Road Safety Committee (Personnel given below) in its meeting held on 13 th September, 2011 and approved for forwarding to IRC for consideration by the Highways Specifications and Standards Committee after modifications based on comments of the members.
Gangopadhyay, Dr.S. Velmurugan, Dr.S. Convenor Co-Convenor Member-Secretary Members Basu, S.B. Satish Gaijria, Maj. Ranganathan, Prof.
Singh, Pawan Kumar 1 IRC: 67-2012 Gupta, DP. Sanjay Kadiyali, Dr. Kandasamy, C.
Kumar, Sudhir Mittal, Dr. (Mrs.) Nishi Pal, Ms.
Nirnisha Palekar, R.C. Bahadur, A.P Reddy, Dr. T.S President, IRC Director General (RD) & Spl.
Secretary, MORTH Secretary General, IRC Sikdar, Dr. Singh, Nirmal Jit Singh, Dr. (Ms.) Raj Tiwari, Dr. (Mrs.) Geetam Jt.
Of Delhi Police (Traffic) (Satyendra Garg) Director (Tech.), NRRDA (Dr. Chandrasekhar) Representative of E-in-C, NDMC Corresponding Members Rao. Krishna Sarkar, J.R Tare, Dr. (Mrs.) Vandana Ex-Officio Members (Yadav, Dr.
V.K) (Indoria, R.P.) (Indoria, R.P.) 1.5 The Highways Specifications and Standards Committee approved the draft in its meeting held on 23 rd September, 2011. Thereafter, the Council of IRC in its meeting held at Lucknow on 3 rd November, 2011 considered the Third Revision' of IRC-67 presented by Shri Nirmal Jit Singh, Convenor of the Sub-group and approved the document for publication suggesting minor modifications. The Council also authorized Shri Nirmal Jit Singh to oversee the incorporation of the minor comments and suggestions of the Council before it is sent for printing. Further, a small group consisting of Shri Nirmal Jit Singh (Convenor), Prof. Sikdar, Shri Jacob George and Dr.S.Velmurugan accomplished the above tasks of addressing the comments/suggestions of the Council and submitted the final version of the document to IRC for printing. 2 GENERAL 2,1 Purpose of Road Signs The purpose of road signs is to promote road safety and efficiency by providing for the orderly movement of all road users on all roads in both urban and non-urban areas. Road signs notify road users of regulations and provide warning and guidance needed for safe, uniform and efficient operation.
2 IRC: 67-2012 2.2 Principles of Road Signs This Code contains the basic principles that govern the design and use of road signs for all categories of roads including expressways open to public travel irrespective of road agency having jurisdiction. It is important that these principles be given primary consideration in the selection and application of each road sign. To be effective, a road sign should meet five basic requirements: a) Fulfill a need; b) Command attention; c) Convey a clear and simple meaning; d) Command respect from road users; and e) Give adequate time for response. Design, placement, operation, maintenance, and uniformity are aspects that should be carefully considered in order to maximize the ability of a road sign to meet these five basic requirements. 2.3 Placement and Operation of Road Signs Placement of road signs should be within road user's view.
To aid in conveying proper meaning, road signs should be positioned with respect to the location or situation to which it applies. The location and legibility of the road sign should be such as to provide adequate response time to road users to read and take action at the operating speed. Road signs or their supports shall not bear any advertising or other message that is not related to traffic control.
However, tourist-oriented directional signs and signs relating to specific wayside services and amenities should not be considered as advertising. Road signs should be placed and operated in a uniform and consistent manner. Road signs which are not necessary or no longer required should be removed. The fact that a sign is in good physical condition should not be a basis for deferring the removal or change, if it is so warranted.
2.4 Maintenance of Road Signs Maintenance of road signs should be ensured to retain both the legibility and the visibility of the sign. Functional evaluation of road signs should be done to determine at regular periodic intervals, whether certain signs need to be changed to meet current traffic conditions. Clean, legible, properly mounted signs in good working condition command respect from road users. 2.5 Uniformity of Road Signs Uniformity of signs simplifies the task of the road user because it helps in recognition and understanding, thereby reducing perception/reaction time. Uniformity assists road users, traffic police and highway agencies by giving everyone the same interpretation message.
Uniformity also promotes efficiency in manufacture, installation and maintenance. Uniformity means treating similar situations in a similar way. A standard sign, used where it is not appropriate, is as objectionable as a nonstandard sign. 3 IRC: 67-2012 2.6 Traffic Engineering Study The decision to use a particular sign at a particular location should be made on the basis of traffic engineering study and after a very careful planning so that correct and uniform signs are placed at required locations.
Authorities with responsibility for traffic control that do not have in-house engineering assistance can take help from traffic engineering consultant(s) or academic and research institutions with domain expertise. 3 CLASSIFICATION OF ROAD SIGNS Road signs are classified under the following three heads: 3.1 Mandatory/Regulatory Signs All Mandatory or Regulatory Signs are circular in shape.
Mandatory/Prohibitory Signs are to indicate the prohibition upon certain kind of vehicle maneuver and vehicle type like 'overtaking prohibited' or 'U-turn prohibited' or 'cycles prohibited' and restriction on parking like 'parking prohibited' and limit on vehicle speed and size like 'speed limit' and 'maximum load limit'. They are with red circular ring and diagonal bars with black symbols or arrows or letters on white background. The red ring indicates prohibitory regulation; and the diagonal red bar prohibits the action or movement indicated by the black symbol. Mandatory signs giving positive instructions are circular with white symbol on a blue background. They indicate what driver must do compulsorily. Prohibitory Regulation Operational Control Compulsory Direction Control For example, direction control signs are to Fi 9- 3.1 compulsorily regulate certain movements wherever the restriction applies.
The exceptions in shape are the octagonal red STOP sign and the triangular GIVEWAY or YIELD sign. These two signs provide indication about right of way to drivers. Mandatory and regulatory signs need to be complied with and any violation of the rules and regulations conveyed by these signs is a legal offence. Examples of these signs are shown in Fig. 4 IRC: 67-2012 3.2 Cautionary/Warning Signs Cautionary/Warning signs are triangular in shape with red border and black symbol in white background used to caution and alert the road users to potential danger or existence of certain hazardous conditions either on or adjacent to the roadway so that they take the desired action.
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These signs indicate a need for special caution by road users and may require a reduction in speed or some other manoeuvre. Some examples of these signs are Hairpin Bend, Narrow Bridge, Gap in Median, School Ahead etc.
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An example is shown in Fig. Cautionary/ Warning Fig. 3.2 3.3 Informatory/Guide Signs Facility Information —. m k. I it 1 1 1: I313E.1 PI3 Direction Information Fig. 3.3 All Informatory signs and Guiding signs for facilities are rectangular in shape. Informatory Signs for facilities indicates location and direction to facilities like 'fuel station' or 'eating place' or 'parking' and shall be a symbol within a rectangular board with blue background.
Information signs in rectangular shape are also used with destination names and distances with arrows indicating the direction. The colour pattern of direction information sign is presented in Table 8.3. These are used to give such information to road users which will help them along the route in most simple and direct manner. Examples of these are shown in Fig.
3.4 Road Classifications Generally roads are classified as under: a) Expressways b) National Highways c) State Highways d) Major District Roads e) Rural Roads (Other District Roads (ODR) and Village Roads (VR)) f) Urban (City) Roads The direction information signs for different categories of road will have different colour combinations as given in Table 8.3. 5 IRC: 67-2012 4 SITING OF SIGNS WITH RESPECT TO THE CARRIAGEWAY 4.1 The road signs are the means of communication to the road users, especially drivers.
Therefore, the signs shall be so placed that the drivers can recognize them easily and in time. Normally the signs shall be placed on the left hand side of the road.
For two lane roads, normally the signs may be placed on the left side of the carriageway, repeated on the other side of the carriageway, if local conditions are such that the signs might not be seen in time by the drivers. For multilane divided roads the signs may be placed on left side of each carriageway.
In case of hill roads, the signs shall generally be installed on the valley side of the road, unless traffic and road conditions warrant these to be placed on the hill side. 4.2 On all roads with or without kerb and with or without shoulder, the extreme edge of the ground mounted sign adjacent to the roadway shall be at a distance of 600 mm to 3 m from the carriageway or paved shoulder edge depending upon the local conditions. For roads with kerbs, it shall not be less than 300 mm away from kerb line, but in no case shall any part of the sign come in the way of vehicular traffic.
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Gantry mounted signs should be mounted on columns preferably 7 m or more from the nearest traffic lane, unless otherwise specified. The minimum lateral offset is intended to keep it away from vehicles that may use the shoulder from striking the gantry column. If there is a situation where this lateral clearance cannot be maintained, the column of gantry sign shall be shielded with W-Beam crash barrier for required run out length depending upon the setback distance between the pavement edge line and column of gantry. Lesser clearances but not less than 1.8 m may be used on connecting roadways or ramps at interchanges. 4.3 On kerbed roads, the bottom edge of the lowest sign shall not be less than 2.1 m and not more than 2.5 m above the kerb. On roads without kerb, the bottom edge of the lowest sign shall not be less than 2 m and not more than 2.5 m above the crown of the pavement. Where signs are erected above footpaths or in areas likely or intended to be used by pedestrians, minimum headroom of 2.1 m is to be provided.
4A Where in the opinion of the competent authority, a sign would be ineffective if placed on the left hand side shoulder of a road with dual carriageway, it may be placed on the median instead. To improve the visibility of the signs on multi-lane roads, the minimum height of the lower edge of the sign should be kept as 2.5 m above the highest point of the carriageway. 4.5 The signs shall be so placed that these do not obstruct vehicular traffic on the carriageway, and if placed on the berm/footpath/refuge island cause least obstruction to pedestrians. The difference in level between the lower edge of the sign and the carriageway shall be as uniform as possible for signs of the same class on the same route. M On multi-lane roads, the signs may have to be mounted overhead, as this would ensure better visibility and be effective in communicating with the drivers and other road users. Overhead signs may be used in lieu of, or as an adjunct to, ground signs where the 6 IRC: 67-2012 situation so warrants for proper information and guidance of the road user. The following conditions may be considered while deciding about the provision of overhead signs:.
Traffic volume at or near capacity. Complex interchange design. Three or more lanes in each direction. Restricted visibility. High speed traffic. Insufficient space for ground mounted signs. Large percentage of commercial vehicles.
Closely spaced interchanges 4.7 From safety and aesthetic standpoints, overhead signs shall be mounted on overhead bridge structures wherever possible. Overhead signs shall provide a vertical clearance of not less than 5.5 m over the entire width of the pavement and shoulders. Where overhead sign supports cannot be placed at a safe distance away from the line of traffic or in an otherwise protected site, they should either be so designed as to minimize the impact forces or protect motorists adequately by a physical barrier or guard rail of suitable design. Encompassing all above requirements, the placement of signs with respect to carriageway with required height and clearance is given in Table 4.1 and Fig. 4.8 Mandatory signs (e.g. Keep Left) on traffic islands are normally mounted so that the bottom edge is about 1000 mm above the paved surface. When several signs have to be placed along the same section of road, take care that they do not obscure each other.
And then locate the signs at a minimum of 0.6.V meters apart (where V is the 85 th percentile speed in km/h). Signs are normally erected on the left side of the road, but for extra emphasis a second sign may be placed on the right side of the road as well. This is especially useful on left-hand curves.
Wherever minimum lateral clearance cannot be maintained for gantry columns from shoulder edge line, such exposed column shall be protected with crash barrier. Table 4.1 Height and Clearance Required for Sign Placement Minimum (mm) Desirable (mm) Maximum (mm) A 600 1000 2500 B 1000 2000 3000 C 300 600 1000 D 2000 2000 2500 E 2100 2100 2500 F 5500 6000 6500 G 750 H 5000 I 5000 7000 9000 J 1800 2000 2500 7 IRC: 67-2012 B D H / Shoulder Q, -Kerb D Footway Carriageway Edge Line. —, — y Shoulder/ y e rge Fig.
4.1 Siting of Signs with respect to Carriageway (Height and Clearance) 5 ORIENTATION OF SIGNS 5.1 The signs unless otherwise stated shall normally be placed at right angles to the line of travel of the approaching traffic. Signs relating to parking, however, should be fixed at an angle (approximately) 15° to the carriageway so as to give better visibility. 5.2 Where light reflection from the sign face is encountered to such an extent as to reduce legibility, the sign should be turned slightly away from the road as shown in Fig. On horizontal curves, the sign should not be fixed normal to the carriageway but the angle of placement should be determined with regard to the course of the approaching traffic. 5.3 Sign faces are normally vertical, but on gradients it may be desirable to tilt a sign forward or backward from the vertical to make it normal to the line of sight and improve the viewing angle. 95° i ■ i Q Fig.
5.1 8 IRC: 67-2012 6 MATERIAL FOR SIGNS The various materials and fabrication of road signs shall conform to the following requirements: 6.1 Concrete: Concrete shall be of M25 grade. 6.2 Reinforcing Steel: Reinforcing steel shall conform to the requirements of IS 1786 unless otherwise specified. 6.3 Bolts, Nuts and Washers: High strength bolts shall conform to IS 1367 whereas precision bolts, nuts, etc.
Irc 6720
Shall conform to IS 1364. 6.4 Plates and Supports: Plates and support sections for the signposts shall conform to IS 226 and IS 2062 or any other stated IS specification.
6.5 Substrate: The substrate shall be either Aluminum sheeting or Aluminium Composite Material (ACM) conforming to following sub-sections. 6.5.1 Aluminium Aluminium sheets used for sign boards shall be of smooth, hard and corrosion resistant aluminium alloy conforming to IS 736 - Material Designation 24345 or 1900. 6.5.2 Aluminium Composite Materials (ACM) ACM sheets used for sign boards is a sandwiched construction with a thermoplastic core of 'Low Density Polyethylene' (LDPE) between two thick skins/sheets of aluminium with overall thickness of 4 mm and 3 mm, and aluminium skin thickness of 0.4 - 0.5 mm and 0.25 - 0.3 mm respectively on both sides. The retro reflective sheeting must be applied on the top surface with aluminum surface with recommended surface preparation from sheeting manufacturer. A fluorocarbon coating may be applied over the exposed surface of aluminium to ensure corrosion resistant and weather proof and thus shall conform to relevant ASTM. The mechanical properties of 4 mm and 3 mm ACM and that of its aluminum skin shall conform to the requirement given in Table 6.1, when tested in accordance with the test methods mentioned against each of them.
6.6 Plate Thickness Shoulder mounted ground signs with a maximum side dimension not exceeding 600 mm shall not be less than 1.5 mm thick with aluminium and 3 mm thick with aluminium composite material. All other signs shall be at least 2 mm thick with aluminium and 4 mm thick with aluminium composite material. The thickness of the sheet shall be related to the size of the sign and its support and shall be such that it does not bend or deform under prevailing wind and other loads. All overhead signs made with aluminium composite material shall be minimum 4 mm thick to withstand wind and other loads without deformation. 9 IRC: 67-2012 Table 6.1 Specifications for Aluminum Composite Material (ACM) S.No. Description Specification for 4 mm Specification for 3 mm Standard Test Acceptable Value Acceptable Value A Mechanical Properties of ACM 1 Peel off strength with retro reflective sheeting. (Drum Peel Test) ASTM D903 Min.
4 N/mm 2 Tensile strength ASTM E638 Min. 40 N/mm 2 Min. 30 N/mm 2 3 0.2% Proof Stress ASTM E638 Min.
34 N/mm 2 Min. 34 N/mm 2 4 Elongation ASTM E638 Min. 5% 5 Flexural strength ASTM C393 Min. 130 N/mm 2 Min. 120 N/mm 2 6 Shear strength with punch shear test ASTM D732 Min.
18 N/mm 2 Min. 18 N/mm 2 B Properties of Aluminium Skin 1 Tensile strength (Rm) ASTM E8 Min.
150 N/mm 2 Min. 130 N/mm 2 2 Modulus of elasticity ASTM E8 Min. 70,000 N/mm 2 Min. 70,000 N/mm 2 3 Elongation ASTM E8 A„ n Min. 2% 4 0.2% Proof Stress ASTM E8 Min. 110 N/mm 2 Min.
110 N/mm 2 6.7 Retro Reflective Sheeting The retro reflective sheeting used on the signs shall consist of white or coloured sheeting having a smooth outer surface which has the property of retro reflection over its entire surface. It shall be weather resistant and exhibit colour fastness. It shall be new and unused and show no evidence of cracking, scaling, and pitting, blistering, edge lifting or curling and shall have negligible shrinkage or expansion. A certificate of having the sheeting tested for coefficient of retro reflection, daytime colour and luminance, shrinkage, flexibility, liner removal, adhesion, impact resistance, specular gloss and fungus resistance, 3 years outdoor weathering and its having passed these tests shall be obtained from International/Government Laboratory/ Institute by the manufacturer of the sheeting and in case the certificate is obtained from international agency, it should also be obtained from Indian agency within 3 years of launching of product by the manufacture in abroad. Alternatively, a certificate conforming to ASTM Specification (D 4956-09) on artificial accelerated weathering requirements from a reputed laboratory in India can be accepted provisionally.
In such a situation, the Employer/Client, if so desires, could seek for a performance guarantee which would be released after receipt of certificate meeting the requirement of three years outdoor weathering of the sheeting. Retro reflective sheeting is divided into three classes as follows: 10 IRC: 67-2012 CLASS A SHEETING: - Engineering and Super Engineering Grade Sheeting as per ASTM. D 4956-09 Type I and II. CLASS B SHEETING: - High Intensity and High Intensity Prismatic grade sheeting as per ASTM D 4956-09 Type III and IV. CLASS C SHEETING: - All Micro Prismatic grade sheets as per ASTM D 4956-09 Type VIII, IX and XI. 6.7.1 Selection of sheeting Performance characteristics of sheeting Type I to Type IX used for road signs are presented respectively in Table 6.3 to Table 6.9.
The definition of key words in understanding the performance characteristics are given below. 'Retro-reflection' means the reflection of light which is returned in directions close to the direction from which it came, and this property being maintained even over wide variations of the direction of the incident radiation. 'Observation angle (symbol a)' is the angle between the illumination axis and the observation axis as shown in Fig. 6.1 'Entrance angle (symbol p)' means the angle from the illumination axis to the reference axis. The reference axis is an axis perpendicular to the retro reflective surface as shown in Fig. 6.2 11 IRC: 67-2012 'Coefficient of retro-reflection R' ' can be obtained from the luminous intensity (I) of the retro-reflective area in the direction of observation and the illumination (E - L ) on the retro- reflective plane at right angles to the direction of the incident light and the illuminated plane sample surface A, R' = I / E - 1.
A The coefficient of retro-reflection R' is expressed in candle per square meter per lux (cd.rrr 2. Lx 1 ).Though the sheeting as per ASTM classification are available from Type I to Type IX, a 'higher' type of sheeting used in the ASTM need not necessarily imply that it is better than a 'lower'-type sheeting, rather it meets different performance characteristics. Each type of sheeting has certain performance characteristics and the type of sheeting for a road should be selected which suits the situation encountered by road users in viewing the signs on the particular road.
For example, sheeting with high coefficient of retro reflection at small observation angle will give better performance for driver's viewing the sign from long distances. Similarly, signs with wide observation angle give good performance for drivers encountering situations to observe the signs involving wide observation angle. Micro prismatic sheeting is preferred for gantry mounted overhead signs. Type IV micro prismatic sheeting may be used for delineator posts.
Table 6.2 suggests a general guideline for selection of sheeting considering the performance characteristics of each type of sheeting for different category of roads and also on economic consideration and visibility requirements in Indian context. However, the choice for selection of type of sheeting would rest with the client. Table 6.2 Suggested Guidelines for Usage of Retro-Reflective Sheeting Class of Sheeting Type of Sheeting (ASTM) Category of Road National/ State Highway Major District Roads Rural Roads Urban/ City Roads Expressway Class A Type I No Yes Yes No No Type II No Yes Yes No No Class B Type III. Yes Yes Yes Yes No Type IV Yes Yes Yes Yes No Class C Type VIII Yes No No Yes Yes Type IX Yes No No Yes Yes Type XI Yes No No Yes Yes.
Type III sheeting is available both as glass beaded and micro prismatic technology as per ASTM D4956-09. The light reflecting efficiency of glass beaded sheeting is lower than the micro prismatic sheeting. 6.7.2 Class A (Engineering grade sheeting) 12 IRC: 67-2012 6. 1 Type I engineering grade sheeting This sheeting shall be of enclosed lens glass bead type consisting of microscopic lens elements embedded beneath the surface of a smooth, flexible, transparent, water-proof plastic, resulting in a non-exposed lens optical reflecting system. The retro-reflective surface after cleaning with soap and water and in dry condition shall have the minimum coefficient of retro-reflection (determined in accordance with ASTM D 4956-09) as indicated in Table 6.3. Table 6.3 Acceptable Minimum Co-efficient of Retro-Reflection for Type I Engineering Grade Sheeting (Candelas per Lux per Square Meter) Observation Angle Entrance Angle White Yellow Orange Green Red o CQ Brown 0.2° -4° 70 50 25 9.0 14 4.0 1.0 0.2° +30° 30 22 7.0 3.5 6.0 1.7 0.3 0.5° -4° 30 25 13 4.5 7.5 2.0 0.3 0.5° +30° 15 13 4.0 2.2 3.0 0.8 0.2 When totally wet, the sheeting shall not show less than 90 per cent of the values, of retro- reflection indicated in above Table.
At the end of 5 years, the sheeting shall retain at least 50 per cent of its original retro-reflectance. 2 Type II super engineering grade sheeting This sheeting shall be of enclosed lens glass-bead type consisting of microscopic lens elements embedded beneath the surface of a smooth, flexible, transparent, water-proof plastic, resulting in a non-exposed lens optical reflecting system. The retro-reflective surface after cleaning with soap and water and in dry condition shall have the minimum coefficient of retro-reflection (determined in accordance with ASTM D 4956-09) as indicated in Table 6.4.