30 Planos De Casa Prototipo Pdf
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Building wood frame houses is viewed as an excellent alternative to meet the growing demand for housing in Mexico. The aim was to design a pinewood house construction project, based on the stud structural system, to show how to proceed when building a particular housing model. The methodology is based on RCDF-2004, NTCRCDF-2004, ONNCCE S.C.
Mexican standards and construction manuals. The blueprints, area and volume were derived using the AutoCAD 2010 program. Pinewood at MC≤18%, preserved with CCA (chromated copper arsenate) salts and graded with the 'Class A' industrial rule was considered.
Studs were placed every 24' and plywood boards were used as bracing. As a result, a one-story dwelling with a gable roof and 74 m 2 of living space was designed; the construction sequence, from the foundation (slab, chain and concrete footings) to the application of finishes and coverings (mortar and asphalt shingles), was performed. It is concluded that it is possible to properly design a wood frame house by following the recommendations and technical specifications in regulations, standards and manuals, thereby making it a practical alternative in housing construction. Key words: stud; wood frame housing; wood construction. Methodology The technical support for manual, a core part of the project, was based on Mexico City’s Building Regulations and the city’s Complementary Technical Standards of 1987 (RCDF and NTCRCDF respectively); however, the information was updated so that the methodology would also be based on the recommendations of the RCDF (2004), NTCRCDF (2004), and current ONNCCE Mexican standards (NMXs), applicable to timber.
In addition, information from different manuals related to wood construction was considered: ), ) ), among others. The MCELM design method is that of limit states; the limit state approach is a format where all aspects of design are considered in an orderly and rational way and that allows easy incorporation of probabilistic criteria ( ). It is important to mention that a specific place was not considered for the housing project (despite having used the information from Mexico City’s regulations); however, NMXs provide the information necessary to build housing anywhere in the country, taking into account, of course, the regulations and environmental characteristics of the place where it is built. However, the dwelling’s living spaces were taken into account and designed to meet the needs of a family of four: two bedrooms (master bedroom and one for children), living room, dining room, kitchen, laundry room and bathroom with shower. Figure 1.Distribution of living spaces. Different models and styles of wood frame houses were reviewed in COMACO technical project reports, construction and structural design manuals, scientific articles, master and bachelor's theses, books, Internet sites and brochures, to determine the model best suited to the characteristics of the living spaces mentioned above. Once the type of dwelling (a one-story rural dwelling with a gable roof) was chosen, the living spaces and panels were designed based on the rules established by the wood frame building system ; i.e.
For commercial 4 x 8 feet (1.22 x 2.44 m) plywood sheets, the spacing between the horizontal center point of each stud is 24' (61 cm). Table 1 Requirements for light wood frame construction. Shwb = Stud height without bracing.
Sorc = Supports only roof and ceiling. The sanitary, hydraulic and electric installations were designed on the basis of the distribution of the dwelling spaces in the plans, along with the recommendations indicated in the wood construction manuals, RCDF (2004) and NTCRCDF (2004).
The plans, construction sequence and area and volume calculations were done with the AutoCAD 2010 program. Site selection was carried out according to the recommendations of ), ) and the Complementary Technical Standards for Foundation Design and Construction (NTCRCDF, 2004). The leveling, layout, excavation and design work for the foundation were carried out according to the recommendations of ), CONAFOR (n.d.) and ). Table 2 Elements of foundation systems for wood structures.
Building the house will require a volume of ± 9 m 3 of pinewood (studs, fascias, struts, support beams, plywood sheets, among others); of that volume, approximately 50% corresponds to pine plywood sheets, the veneers of which are obtained in the plywood industry during the unwinding process. For the project, sawn Mexican pine lumber with a normal density (Nd) of 0.54 g/cm 3 (Nd = weight at 12% moisture content /volume at 12% moisture content), equivalent to 543 kg/m 3, was considered.
The nominal dimensions of the studs were set at 2 x 4' (actual dimensions were determined according to ). Table 3.Dimensions and tolerances that wood used in 2 x 4” construction must comply with (in dry condition, MC≤18%). D = Dimension; T = Tolerance. To classify wood, ) groups Mexican conifer species into ten groups, from CE1 to CE10, in relation to the specified strength and modulus of elasticity values. Groups CE5 and CE7 correspond to Class “B” wood (special rules) and Class 'A' wood (industrial rules) in ); these two strength classes are specified in the Complementary Technical Standards for the Design and Construction of Wood Structures (NTCRCDF, 2004). Plans for the structure call for the wood to be preserved with CCA salts, by pressure or vacuum methods, in accordance with the recommendations of ), ) and CONAFOR (n.d.), and the specifications of ), ) , ) and ). Table 4.Recommended minimum retentions of the preservative or active ingredient, according to the level of risk in wood service, kg/m 3 (lb/foot 3).
Openings (doors and windows) were designed according to the recommendations of ) and ) and the percentage that they must comply with to avoid or decrease the use of heaters (in cold weather places) and air conditioning (in hot weather places) as indicated by ). For the design of the panels, the recommendations of ), ), CONAFOR (n.d.) and ) were taken into account; the nailing was established in accordance with the UBC (Uniform Building Code). In order to join the continuous panels using 'L' and 'T' joints, corner posts were designed with 32 x 89 x 305 mm spacing. Table 8 Bearing loads per linear meter of wall based on frames (kg/m.l.) 1. 1The design conditions are: dry condition and normal load duration. The eaves design was made according to ), and the fascia design according to ).
30 Planos De Casas Prototipo Pdf Descargar
In the design of the envelope (walls and roof), Mexican-made pinewood plywood sheets manufactured with phenol formaldehyde (PF) were considered, according to the specifications of ), ), ) and ). Imported plywood sheets may be used provided they meet the specifications indicated in the project, or Oriented Strand Boards (OSB).
For the application of surface finishes and coatings, the recommendations of ), CONAFOR (n.d.) and ) were taken into account. Figure 6.Profile of the placement of the materials in the foundation. Prior to pouring the slab(LF= 200 kg/cm 2), galvanized steel anchor bolts of 10 mm ( 3/ 8”) or 13 mm ( 1/ 2”) in diameter and 30 cm in length (with nut and washer)will be placed to secure the welded mesh to the concrete chain wall.
The framework designed for the concrete chain wall (LF= 150 kg/cm 2) includes 4 rods of 12 mm ( 1/ 2”) or 16 mm ( 5/ 8”) in diameter, and stirrups of 6 mm ( 1/ 4”) or 10 mm ( 3/ 8”) in diameter every 20 or 25 cm. To hold the panels in place against the forces of wind and earthquake, galvanized bolts of 13 mm ( 1/ 2”) in diameter and 30 cm in length, embedded 20 cm in the concrete chain wall, will be placed. Driver sony handycam dcr-pc115e windows 7. The structure was designed with nominal 2 x 4' studs (38 x 89 mm actual, MC +/-12%), with a Nd = 0.54 g/cm 3, preferably from radial cuts (more dimensionally stable); they were classified with the industrial rule (Class 'A', group CE7), preserved with CCA salts at recommended minimum retentions of 4.00, 6.40 and 9.60 kg/m 3according to their location in the dwelling. The following openings were designed: front and back doors (solid wood); four interior (flush) doors; five sliding windows (four as a means of escape at a height of 1 m from the FFL) and two single-hung windows in the bathroom.
A percentage of 14%. Discussion According to the CT-DCM (2014), COMACO-organized wood frame housing contests, supported by several institutions, have placed special emphasis on the promotion of rural housing, sustainable housing and affordable housing. The house must comply with a number of requirements, such as a maximum construction cost and a higher percentage of wood compared to other building materials, and it must also be sustainable in nature. In order to design and subsequently build a wood frame house, there are different styles of housing ranging from the cheapest ones, such as a rural dwelling ( ), to residential houses ( ); despite that, the quality of the wood should be the same regardless of the style of the house. “Affordable housing” can be considered as ranging fromMXN$36,000.00 (USD$1,895.00), as indicated by ), to MXN$60,000.00 (USD$3,158.00) according to ); the cost of “middle-level housing' is about MXN$105,000.00 (USD$5,526.00) according to FITECMA (2011), whereas 'residential-type housing' goes up to MXN$1,450,000.00 (USD$76,316.00) according to ). The exchange rate at which the calculation was made was $1.00 USD = $19.00 MXN.
30 Planos De Casas Prototipo Pdf Gratis
The unit and total costs of constructing this type of house are presented in. Conclusions It is possible to correctly design a wood frame house on a step-by-step basis by following the recommendations and technical specifications found in regulations, standards and manuals; consequently, wood frame houses can be viewed as a practical alternative in home construction. When carrying out a timber construction project, priority should be given to reviewing in detail all Mexican standards applicable to timber (ONNCCE), and subsequently relevant information such as regulations, complementary technical standards and construction manuals. It was found that a wood frame house is light according to the calculated average unit weight of 0.15 t/m 2.